Overview

Fez, one of the oldest cities in Morocco, serves as a living museum of medieval Islamic architecture and centuries of cultural traditions. It's one of the best destinations to visit if you want to get to the heart of historic Morocco. Fez is renowned for its historic medina, Fes-el-Bali, which is one of the world's largest urban pedestrian zones and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The old city and its medina comprise a maze of narrow alleys and bustling souks, all enclosed by ancient walls. As a former imperial capital and an enduring spiritual and educational center, Fez retains a prestigious aura, with a rich history reflected in every corner of its sprawling medina.

Fez is a sensory overload, with sights, sounds, and smells that encapsulate the essence of Moroccan culture. The city's tanneries, vibrant markets, and centuries-old madrasas (Islamic theology schools) offer a glimpse into a way of life that has remained largely unchanged over the centuries. Fez stands apart as a city that proudly preserves its traditions while also engaging with the modern world, hosting international festivals like the Fez Festival of World Sacred Music (late May and early June), which draw visitors and artists from around the globe.

History and Culture

Fez’s historical depth is unmatched in Morocco, having served as the kingdom's capital for several centuries and also served as a major intellectual center. Founded by Idris I in the 8th century CE and expanded by Idris II in the early 9th century, Fez quickly grew as a religious, educational, and commercial hub. The establishment of the University of Al Quaraouiyine in 859 CE, recognized as one of the oldest universities in the world, highlights Fez's role as a center of learning and spirituality. The city's numerous madrasas, mosques, and libraries are monuments to its profound scholarly and religious life, which has influenced the Islamic world extensively.

Throughout the centuries, Fez has been a melting pot of cultures, due in part to the influx of Arab and Andalucian immigrants, each bringing their skills, traditions, and architectural styles, which are evident throughout the city today. This blend of influences created a unique urban fabric and cultural heritage seen in the intricate mosaics, carved woodwork, and detailed metalwork that can be seen in and on the city's structures. Fez's medina, with its labyrinthine streets, remains a quite vibrant center of traditional Moroccan life, where ancient crafts are practiced as they have been for centuries, providing a stark contrast to the more modernized Moroccan cities, such as the country's gateway, Casablanca.

Weather

Fez experiences a Mediterranean climate, with distinct seasonal variations that influence the best times to visit. Summers in Fez are warm and dry, with temperatures often rising into the 90s Fahrenheit, making the narrow, shaded streets of the medina a welcome retreat from the heat. Winters are mild and somewhat wetter, with temperatures dropping to the 40s during the coldest months, although days remain generally sunny and clear. This climate makes spring and autumn ideal for visiting, as the weather is comfortably warm and conducive to exploring the city’s extensive cultural landmarks without the extremes of summer heat, winter chill, and the surprise of rain.

Must-See Sights in Fez

Fez, a city rich with historical landmarks, offers an abundance of must-see sights that capture its cultural heritage. The heart of Fez's historical significance is undoubtedly the Fes-el-Bali, the old medina. This ancient quarter is home to the Al Quaraouiyine Mosque and University, a foundational educational institution in the Islamic world and a stunning example of Moorish architecture. Nearby, the Chouara Tannery offers a glimpse into the traditional methods of leather dyeing that have been practiced since Medieval times. For those who wish to truly appreciate and understand Fez's artistic heritage, this tannery is a must-visit spot. Additionally, the Attarine and Bou Inania madrasas are architectural gems, with exquisite zellige tile work and intricate Islamic carvings that demonstrate the city's artistic mastery.

Beyond the medina, the Dar al-Makhzen, or Royal Palace, in Fez El Jadid, is another significant site. While the palace itself is not open to the public, the grandeur of its magnificent golden gates can be admired from the Place des Alaouites. These gates are finely detailed and stand as a symbol of the royal presence in Fez. The city is also famous for its numerous imperial gates, such as Bab Bou Jeloud, the ornate blue gate that serves as the main western entrance to Fes-el-Bali. Each gate tells a story of the city’s imperial past and presents unique photographic opportunities with their intricate designs and historical context.

For those looking to explore beyond the city limits, a day trip to the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Moulay Yacoub, located just a short drive from Fez, offers a scenic escape. This village is famous for its thermal hot springs, believed to have healing properties. Visitors can enjoy a relaxing soak in the mineral-rich waters, which provide a perfect complement to walking around the bustling city you left behind.

Activities

Fez offers quite a few outdoor activities that allow visitors to get out into nature and experience Fez's natural beauty. Exploring the sprawling medina on foot is an adventure in itself, offering an intimate glimpse into the city's street life and historical treasures. The hills surrounding the city provide opportunities for hiking and enjoying panoramic views of the city. For those interested in a more leisurely pace, the Jnan Sbil Gardens, near the division of the old medina, offers a tranquil escape with its lush pathways, ornate fountains, and a diverse array of plants in themed sections like "Bamboo Garden", "Mexican Garden", and "Andalucian Garden".

Nightlife

While Fez is not widely known for a bustling nightlife scene akin to larger cities like Casablanca, it still offers enjoyable evening options that reflect its cultural heritage. The nightlife here is more about experiencing the local culture and cuisine with traditional Moroccan entertainment. Many of the city's riads and hotels host evening performances of Andalucian music and belly dancing, providing guests with a taste of Moroccan arts. For those looking for a relaxed atmosphere, several cafés and bars around the Ville Nouvelle offer a place to unwind, serving up local and international drinks in a cozy setting.

Food & Drink

Fez is one of Morocco's gastronomical gems, renowned for its rich Moroccan cuisine that features a blend of Arab, Berber, Andalucian, and French influences. Dishes that have been absolutely perfected by the chefs and home cooks of Fez are pastilla, a savory pie made with pigeon or chicken and dusted with sugar and cinnamon, and b'ssara, a creamy broad bean soup typically enjoyed for breakfast. Then of course for the adventurous, there's mrouzia, a tagine made with sheep's heads.

The medina is dotted with traditional food stalls where visitors can sample an array of street foods, including succulent kebabs and freshly baked bread. For a more refined dining experience, several restaurants offer authentic Moroccan meals in beautifully restored riads, accompanied by mint tea, the quintessential Moroccan drink that embodies Fez's hospitality.